You've heard the words bandied about: global brain, networked consciousness, hive mind...but what do they really mean? What kind of social structures facilitate collective intelligence and why would such a concept be beneficial if it were to flourish?
According to Pierre Levy, collective intelligence "is a form of
universally distributed intelligence, constantly enhanced, coordinated in real time, and resulting in the effective mobilization of skills . . . The basis and goal of collective intelligence is the mutual recognition and enrichment of individuals rather than the cult of fetishized or hypostatized communities" (Pierre Levy,
Collective Intelligence: Mankind's Emerging World in Cyberspace, trans. Robert Bononno, Cambridge, Mass.: Perseus Books, 1997, p. 13).
How do you mobilize the skills of people by putting them together in shifting, temporary formations that value their specialized forms of thought and labour? How do you allow for a kind of nomadic intelligence? These notions are very different from having isolated experts who selectively dole out what they know in a physical locale (such as the university). Academics might squirm at the idea of open access and unfettered sharing of information --- what about all their years of specialized training - will it put them out of work? Actually, it should offer them, as well as many others, new kinds of work, more varied, more dynamic, more global.
In its idealized form, collective intelligence utilizes communications technologies and results in a fluid, mobile database, an evolving hypercortex, that becomes the sum of human knowledge, easily accessible by everyone (eventually through wetware or direct human-technological interface). Is this the ultimate goal of freedom of information, the most optimistic goal for the world wide web? Or, is it all sleight of hand, seductive bait for the gullible or empty hope for the disenfranchised?
Levy notes that "we can't reinvent the instruments of communication and collective thought without reinventing democracy, a distributed, active, molecular democracy." Sounds cool, doesn't it, each person a little vibrating molecule contributing to the overall living breathing organism that is democracy?
Levy's attempt to redefine democracy is appealing. I often ponder what I call "pseudo-democracy." This is the democracy that offers us seemingly limitless choices. Unfortunately they are usually meaningless consumer choices, such as which one of the hundred bottles of shampoo should I purchase or which of the thousand available television channels should I watch? Freedom of speech still gets quashed --- just look at what happens to the anti-Olympic protestors. Obviously genuine empowerment is generally lacking within a pseudo-democracy. So, trying to think about democracy and technology in new, less disappointing, configurations is of interest to me.
My main concern (other than the use of
mankind instead of humankind in the book title) is that data and information are not the same as knowledge or wisdom. Those come from thoughtful application and
ethical action. How do you ensure
that, when access to information invariably involves it being put, by some users, to sinister purposes. Not all molecules are benign...some may be mutant or monstrous.
Levy's book is a complex look at collective intelligence. He delves into power, economics, class, the legacy of modernism, and more. I cannot give justice to his thinking here. But even as I fret or cringe over some passages in his book, I find his perspectives intriguing nonetheless. He is, at least, trying to plot out and envision a more promising future.